Understanding Your Blood Pressure Numbers
What Is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is one of the most vital signs we measure at every consultation, yet many patients are unsure what their numbers actually mean. A blood pressure reading consists of two numbers — systolic (the top number) and diastolic (the bottom number) — measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg).
- Systolic pressure measures the force your blood exerts against artery walls when your heart beats.
- Diastolic pressure measures the force between beats when your heart is at rest.
What Do the Numbers Mean?
A normal reading is generally below 120/80 mmHg. Here is how readings are classified:
- Normal: Below 120/80 mmHg
- Elevated: 120–129 / less than 80 mmHg
- Stage 1 Hypertension: 130–139 / 80–89 mmHg — lifestyle modifications recommended
- Stage 2 Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg and above — medication may be required alongside lifestyle changes
Why Is High Blood Pressure Dangerous?
High blood pressure is often called the "silent killer" because it rarely causes noticeable symptoms. Left untreated, it significantly increases your risk of:
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Kidney disease
- Vision problems
How to Lower Your Blood Pressure
Simple lifestyle changes can make a meaningful difference:
- Reduce salt intake to less than 5 g per day
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise for at least 150 minutes per week
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques
When to Get Checked
At NeoHealth, we recommend that all adults have their blood pressure checked at least annually. If you have risk factors such as a family history of hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, more frequent monitoring is advisable. We offer in-practice blood pressure checks as part of every consultation, and can advise on home monitoring devices for ongoing management.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a normal blood pressure reading?
A normal blood pressure reading is generally below 120/80 mmHg. The top number (systolic) measures the force when your heart beats, and the bottom number (diastolic) measures the force between beats.
How often should I check my blood pressure?
All adults should have their blood pressure checked at least once a year. If you have risk factors such as family history of hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, more frequent monitoring is recommended.
Can high blood pressure be lowered without medication?
Yes — lifestyle changes such as reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol, and managing stress can significantly lower blood pressure. However, if readings are consistently above 140/90 mmHg, medication may also be needed.